So the 4" stack is also serving as the only vent for the 1st floor bathroom, and also the entire 2nd floor.
It then 90s at foundation wall, goes outside has a 2 way clean-out tee, then at the curb another clean-out. The 2nd floor transition tee under the floor by the toilet is a 4" cast iron combo wye laying on its side, with cast iron 90s on both ends, one 90 goes up to the roof, and one down, and it drops thru wall in corner of the 1st floor bathroom, into the crawlspace, where it changes to PVC with a shielded fernco, makes a long sweep 90, then a 4" PVC wye ties the 1st floor toilet, tub shower, and vanity into the horizontal 4" drain section. The washer was added years later and the plumber cut the cast iron 4" vent section that went up thru a closet in the bathroom and ferncoed in a section of 4" pvc with a sanitary tee for the 2" trap for the washer. Introduction of air into the drainpipe helps fixtures drain faster by avoiding the creation of a negative air pressure. You may notice that the water flow through your fixtures may slow down from time to time without any reason. Thanks to that, the gases no longer affect how the water moves through your pipes. The 4" is all cast iron on the 2nd floor, and the other drain lines tied in are 1 1/2 copper. A plumbing vent, also known as a vent stack is a vertical pipe (sometimes horizontal) connected to the house’s drain system that removes sewer gases/odors and allows air into the drainpipe. The Vent Stack Regulates the Movement of Water throughout Your Home The vent stack is responsible for giving the gases in your plumbing a way out. This layout was all existing, and this 4" stack continues up thru the roof as the vent. I have a vertical 4" stack that serves the entire 2nd floor which has a toilet, tub shower, vanity sink, kitchen sink, and a washing machine. I posted this on a old thread yesterday that was similar question as this thread.
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